Single Apparatus Converging/Diverging Exercise Machine

ABSTRACT

Principles of exercise machine construction, an exercise machine, components of an exercise machine, and methods related to exercising on or constructing an exercise machine that allows for the performance of multiple different exercises, where the user utilizes related arcs of an arm with a fixed path of motion for the different exercises. Generally the arcs will be utilized for both pull-type exercises and push-type exercises and/or for diverging and converging exercises.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S)

This application is a Continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.10/632,129, filed Jul. 31, 2003 and now U.S. Pat. No. 7,811,211, whichin turn claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application60/447,666 filed Feb. 14, 2003. The entire disclosure of both documentsis herein incorporated by reference.

BACKGROUND

1. Field of the Invention

This disclosure relates to the field of exercise machines. Inparticular, to exercise machines designed to perform different exercises(such as converging and diverging or push and pull strength exercises)with arms which follow a fixed or guided path.

2. Description of the Related Art

Over recent years, as physical fitness has become an ever more popularpursuit, there have evolved a plurality of exercise machines upon whichexercises can be performed by a user. One type of exercise machine isthe strength machine which is designed to improve muscle strength andtone by having the user utilize certain muscle groups to pull, push orotherwise perform work on some type of resistance mechanism built intothe machine.

As the nature of exercise has become more fully understood, differenttypes of exercise machines have been developed to provide for moreeffective training. Originally, strength training was performed by thelifting of free-weights. While simple to understand and operate,free-weights had inherent dangers in their use, and, althoughconceptually simple, were often hard to use correctly without trainedinstruction. In order to get the best toning or shaping results out ofparticular exercises, it is desirable that muscle groups be isolated sothat the intended muscle group is exercised by the exercise, as opposedto exercising an unintended muscle group. With free-weights it was oftennot possible to perform exercises that isolated the desired musclegroups, and even if it was possible, it was often difficult to know howto perform the exercises correctly without specific instruction. Asstrength machines have evolved, they have tried to improve both thesafety of performing different exercises, and the effectiveness of theexercise to isolate different muscle groups.

To most effectively isolate and exercise particular muscle groups, it isdesirable that the exercise machine be arranged so that the user islimited in their motion to that which effectively performs the desiredexercise on the desired muscle groups. This is generally performed bythe selection and arrangement of two components of the machine. Firstly,there is a bench, seat or other structure which supports the user'sbody. For some exercises, this may be as simple as the floor upon whichthe machine rests, while for others adjustable benches may be providedto position portions of the user's body relative to appropriate piecesof the exercise machine. This component helps to get the user in acomfortable position where they can operate the moving portions of themachine, and place them in a position relative to the moving parts ofthe machine so that they manipulate those parts to perform the exercise.

The other component is the moving portion of the machine and isgenerally in the form of “arms” or other objects which are arranged in amanner to be engaged by the user at a certain point (such as a grip orhandle), and then be moved by the user along a predetermined path or aguided path resisted by the machine. When the two components of themachine are used together correctly, the user is therefore positioned insuch a manner that when the grip is moved by the user on the bench, thepredetermined or guided path dictates the motion of the handle and, ifthe machine is well-designed, exercises the intended muscle group. Thisresults in the user both isolating a muscle group and performing a saferexercise motion.

The difficulty with the design of strength machines, however, is thatthey generally need to be both flexible to perform multiple exercises,and limited to guide a user to perform an exercise correctly. As morehas become known about the motion of particular exercises, this has ledto a difficulty in finding exercise motions which can be incorporatedinto the same machine. Specifically, different types of exercisegenerally have different motions of the grips or handles and thereforethe arms need to have different paths. With free-weights, the user canfreely position the weights relative to their body, allowing them toperform numerous exercises, but at the same time, the user is not guidedto perform any of the exercises correctly because the weights can befreely maneuvered. Strength machines, on the other hand, can often bedesigned to guide the particular motion of the user, but this limits thenumber of exercises which can be performed on the machine. This isparticularly problematic when space for exercise machines is limited,such as for most individuals in their homes, and even for the majorityof gyms or workout facilities.

One significant problem which has existed with strength machines is toincorporate both push-type and pull-type exercises in the same machine,without the inclusion of multiple sets of arms for the user to interactwith significantly increasing the complexity of the machine. Forinstance, when exercising the upper torso it is desirable to performpush-type exercises where the arms are pushed away from the body againstresistance and pull-type exercises where the arms are pulled toward thebody against resistance.

The duality of exercise discussed above exists because muscle groupsgenerally operate in pairs. In particular, individuals generally havetwo sets of muscles which operate in conjunction with each other. Oneset acts to move in one direction, while the other acts to move in theopposing direction. Since muscle generally performs work by contracting,the two muscle groups act in concert with one group contracting(performing work) while the other group expands (essentially resting).

To increase strength and/or tone in any particular muscle region (set oftwo or more muscle groups such as the torso) it is therefore desirableto be able to perform different types of exercise motions. This,however, requires a machine capable of providing resistance to both apush and pull motion (or to motion in different directions) to relatedor different muscle groups. A difficulty arises because many resistancemechanisms generally only provide resistance to motion in one direction(e.g. the resistance is opposing the lifting of a weight from itsresting position, as compared to returning it to its resting position).The commonality of this type of resistance has generally requiredexercise machines that provide a user with both push and pull motion toeither have additional arms for each exercise so that the arms canfollow different paths—which necessarily increase their size, expenseand complexity—or to have complex mechanisms for the arm motion allowingusers to connect and disconnect components to accomplish differentexercises. This leads to increased difficulty of construction and use,increased expense, and often an increased risk of failure.

Further, the range of motion utilized when a user is performing a pullmotion is often different from the range of motion of a user performinga push motion with a related muscle group. For example, a userperforming a chest press will generally begin the exercise with theirhands near their chest, however in the corresponding rowing movement,the user will often end the exercise with their arms lower, near theirupper mid-section. This difference exists even though the general motionof both exercises is basically perpendicular to the plane of the bodyand may exist due to differing rotation in the arms or hands whenperforming the different exercises comfortably.

Still further, exercises are generally not performed using staticpatterns where the hands maintain a constant position relative to eachother, but are preferably carried out with the hands either convergingon each other or diverging from each other.

SUMMARY

Because of these and other previously unknown problems in the art,disclosed herein are principles of exercise machine construction, anexercise machine, components of an exercise machine, and methods relatedto exercising on and constructing an exercise machine that allows forthe performance of multiple different exercises, particularly uppertorso strength exercises, where the user utilizes related arcs of motionof an arm in a fixed or guided path for the different exercises.Generally the arcs will be utilized for both pull-type exercises andpush-type exercises and/or for diverging and converging exercises.

Described herein in an embodiment is, a method of exercising comprising:providing an exercise machine including: a frame; a resistance object; afirst arm moveably attached to the frame, the first arm also beingconnected to the resistance object; at least two handle manipulationpoints on the first arm; having a user take a first position relative tothe frame, the first position defining a plane of symmetry about whichthe user is generally symmetrical when in the first position; having theuser move a handle located at the first handle manipulation point in afirst motion relative to the plane of symmetry, the first motion beingresisted by the resistance object; having a user take a second position,wherein the user's torso is reversed relative to the torso in the firstposition, the second position placing the user so that the user isgenerally symmetrical to the plane of symmetry; having the user move ahandle located at the second handle manipulation point in a secondmotion relative to the plane of symmetry, the second motion beingresisted by the resistance object; selecting the first motion and thesecond motion so that: both the first motion and the second motionconverge to the plane of symmetry, both the first motion and the secondmotion diverge from the plane of symmetry, the first motion converges tothe plane of symmetry and the second motion diverges from the plane ofsymmetry, or the first motion diverges from the plane of symmetry andthe second motion converges to the plane of symmetry.

In an embodiment the method further comprises: including within theexercise machine: a second arm moveably attached to the frame, thesecond arm also being connected to the resistance object; at least twohandle manipulation points on the second arm; having the user in thefirst position also move a handle located at a first handle manipulationpoint on the second arm in a third motion relative to the plane ofsymmetry, the third motion being resisted by the resistance object; andhaving the user in the second position also move a handle located at asecond handle manipulation point on the second arm in a fourth motionrelative to the plane of symmetry, the fourth motion being resisted bythe resistance object; selecting the third motion and the fourth motionso that: both the third motion and the fourth motion converge to theplane of symmetry, both the third motion and the fourth motion divergefrom the plane of symmetry, the third motion converges to the plane ofsymmetry and the fourth motion diverges from the plane of symmetry, orthe third motion diverges from the plane of symmetry and the fourthmotion converges to the plane of symmetry. In an embodiment, the firstarm and the second arm can move independently of the motion of theother, the motion of the first arm and the motion of the second arm aredependent, the first motion, the second motion, the third motion, andthe fourth motion comprise rotation about an axis, the first motion andthe second motion comprise rotation about a different axis from thethird motion and the fourth motion, the third motion is symmetrical tothe first motion relative to the plane of symmetry, and/or the fourthmotion is symmetrical to the second motion relative to the plane ofsymmetry.

In another embodiment, the first motion comprises a circular motion, thefirst motion comprises a linear motion, and/or the first motioncomprises rotation about an axis. In another embodiment, the resistanceobject may comprise weights, an elastic object, a fluid device, afriction device, and/or an electromagnetic device.

In another embodiment the exercise machine further comprises a benchattached to the frame, the bench including a back portion and a seatportion, and wherein the back portion remains in substantially the sameposition when the user is in the first position as when the user is inthe second position. In another embodiment the user changes position byrotating the torso 180 degrees. In another embodiment, the first motioncomprises pulling or pushing and the second motion comprises pulling orpushing.

In another embodiment, the handle at the first manipulation point andthe handle at the second manipulation point may comprise the same handlemoveable between the first handle manipulation point and the secondhandle manipulation point, or may comprise different handles.

In another embodiment, the resistance object provides a one-wayresistance or a two-way resistance. In another embodiment the user inthe first position may perform a chest press exercise, a lateral pullexercise, a rowing exercise (either level, inclined, or declined), anincline press exercise, a shoulder press exercise, or a decline pressexercise.

In a still further embodiment there is described herein, an exercisemachine comprising: a frame; a resistance object; a first arm moveablyattached to the frame such that the arm traverses a fixed path, thefirst arm also being connected to the resistance object; a second armmoveably attached to the frame such that the arm traverses a fixed path,the second arm also being connected to the resistance object; and atleast two handle locations on each of the arms; wherein a user canmanipulate a handle at one of the handle locations on each of the armsto perform a converging exercise resisted by the resistance object; andwherein the user can manipulate a handle at another of the handlelocations on each of the arms to perform a diverging exercise resistedby the resistance object.

In a still further embodiment of the exercise machine the convergingexercise comprises a push-type or pull-type exercise and/or thediverging exercise comprises a push-type or pull-type exercise.

In a still further embodiment, the handle at the handle location and thehandle at the another handle location may comprise the same handlemoveable between the handle location and the another handle location, ormay comprise different handles.

In a still further embodiment the movement of a handle at one locationmay cause the movement of a handle at another location. The first armand second arm may move either independently or dependently of eachother, may move rotationally about the same or different axes ofrotation. Those axes of rotation may be parallel or non-parallel.

In a yet further embodiment, there is described an exercise machinecomprising: a frame; a resistance object; an arm moveably attached tothe frame such that the arm traverses a fixed path, the arm also beingconnected to the resistance object; at least two handle positions on thearm; wherein a handle located at a first handle position traces a firstarc when moved, the first arc converging to a reference plane; andwherein a handle at the second handle position traces a second arc whenmoved, the second arc diverging from the reference plane. The movementof the first handle may cause movement of the second handle; andmovement of the second handle may also cause movement of the firsthandle. The handle at the first handle position and the handle at thesecond handle position may comprise the same handle moveable between thefirst handle position and the second handle position, or may comprisedifferent handles.

In a yet further embodiment, there is described an exercise machinecomprising: a frame; a weight; a first arm rotatably attached to theframe such that the first arm rotates about a first pivot point; asecond arm rotatably attached to the frame such that the second armrotates about a second pivot point; a first set of at least two handles,a first handle of the first set attached to the first arm and a secondhandle of the first set attached to the second arm; and a second set ofat least two handles, a first handle of the second set attached to thefirst arm and a second handle of the second set attached to the secondarm; wherein a user manipulates the first set of handles to perform aconverging exercise; and wherein the user manipulates the second set ofhandles to perform a diverging exercise.

In a still further embodiment the converging exercise is a push exerciseand/or the diverging exercise is a pull exercise.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 depicts an embodiment of a perspective view of an exercisemachine incorporating an embodiment of arms allowing for multiple typesof exercises.

FIG. 2 depicts a detail view of an embodiment of an arm from theembodiment of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 depicts a user positioned on the embodiment of FIG. 1 at thestart point for a push-type exercise, specifically a converging chestpress.

FIG. 4 depicts a user positioned on the embodiment of FIG. 1 at the apexpoint of a push-type exercise, specifically a converging chest press.

FIG. 5 depicts a user positioned on the embodiment of FIG. 1 at thestart point for a pull-type exercise, specifically a diverging rowingexercise.

FIG. 6 depicts a user positioned on the embodiment of FIG. 1 at the apexpoint of a pull-type exercise, specifically a diverging rowing exercise.

FIGS. 7A, 7B, 7C, and 7D depicts various general representations ofmotion for different type exercises.

FIG. 8 depicts a representational drawing of an arm capable of moving inrelated arcs while following a fixed path.

FIG. 9 depicts a user at the apex point of a converging push-typeexercise using a single arm on the embodiment of FIG. 1.

FIG. 10 depicts a perspective view of another embodiment of an exercisemachine incorporating another embodiment of arms allowing for multipletypes of exercises.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT(S)

Although the exercise machines, arms, principles and methods describedbelow are discussed primarily in terms of their application to aparticular layout of exercise machine(s), one of ordinary skill in theart would recognize that the principles described herein can be used ina plurality of different exercise machines of different layouts designedto have certain desired footprints and space considerations. These caninclude, but are not limited to, home and commercial exercise machinesof all price ranges.

Also, while the exercise machines are primarily discussed as performingtorso and arm exercises, they could be readily adapted for use withother types of exercises and/or exercises involving other portions ofthe body (such as, but not limited to, the legs). Further, theembodiments disclosed herein generally discuss a user performing anexercise with both of their arms simultaneously. It would be understoodthat a user is not mandated to move both their arms simultaneously,therefore when an exercise is described as “converging” based on thedifferent relationships of the hands to each other during the exercise,one of ordinary skill in the art would understand that the motion of asingle hand, performing an identical motion, is also “converging.”

Generally, a machine's motion will be used to refer to the availablemotion that can be traversed by the portion of the machine the user isintended to grasp or otherwise manipulate to perform the exercise (thesewill generally be “handles”). The machine's motion therefore isinterrelated to the motions the hands (in the case of a torso exercise)or other portions of the body make when using the machine. In moststrength machines, the machine is designed so that the mechanisms canonly move such that the user is guided to move the portion of themachine they interact with in a prescribed way (a particular “arc” ofmotion) to move the mechanisms at all. In this way, the available motionof the machine attempts to dictate that the user perform the exercisecorrectly.

The principles disclosed herein can generally be described as follows;the exercise machine allows for the performance of at least twodifferent exercises which each utilize a portion of either the same arcof motion, or related arcs of motion where related arcs refer to arcscreated by different locations on an arm which follows a fixed path.This fixed motion will often be, but is not limited to, rotationalmotion about a particular pivot axis. To put this another way, a partwith a limited available range of motion can provide a wide variety ofranges of motion. Generally, the exercises performed herein utilize twoarms (one for each side of the user's body) and herein each arm is arigid or otherwise solid arm with a singular rotational, or similar,connection. This connection allows for the arm to follow a fixed path.The shape of the arm then provides different points where handles may beplaced or otherwise arranged so the handles arranged at these pointstraverse appropriate related arcs at the appropriate position as the armtraces the fixed path.

This general principle is most clearly illustrated through the FIGS.Looking at FIG. 8, one can see an axis of rotation (801) shown. Thisaxis of rotation (801) then defines a universe of circles which can betranscribed therearound. A small subselection of these circles are shownin FIG. 8 as circles (803), (805) and (807). As would be understood byone of ordinary skill in the art, a circle can be centered anywhere uponthe axis of rotation (801), and may have any radius. Therefore, theillustrated circles are merely representative of circles which could beselected. Each of these circles can also be subdivided in any manner toform arcs (where an arc is a portion of a circle). Generally, these arcswill have proportional arc lengths, but in certain designs of an arm,may not. Three representative arcs are also shown in FIGS. 8 as (823),(825), and (827). For purposes of this disclosure, each of these arcsare defined to be “related” because they can be traced by an armfollowing a fixed path. In this embodiment, the path would be rotationalin a particular direction (as indicated by the arrows) about the axis ofrotation (801), although in other embodiments other directions could beused.

FIG. 8 also shows a rigid arm (809) which can connect the related arcs(823), (825) and (827), such that points (which are positions ofhandles) on the arm (833), (835), and (837) will trace each of the arcswhen the arm is rotated about the axis (801) in a designated direction(follows the fixed path of motion). From FIG. 8, it is clear that thetrace of the arcs includes two positional references. In particular,each arc has a “starting point” (893), (895) or (897) which is where thehandle begins before rotation, and that the rotation is in a definedsingular direction about the axis. For ease of discussion, thisdirection is either “clockwise” or “counter clockwise.” As should beapparent in FIG. 8, the related arcs can have different arc lengthssimply because of the mathematical relationship of the radius to thatarc and the angle that all the relative radiuses are moved through. Eachrelated arc may or may not have the same angular relationship (althoughin most embodiments they will); it just simply means that an arm movingthrough a fixed path may transcribe a first arc and either a second arc,portion of a second arc, or the second arc plus some additionaldistance.

The representation of different arcs in FIG. 8 is a simplification of amore general relationship. In particular, two parts of a rigid bodytraversing a fixed path can actually be moving along differing relatedarcs relative to a fixed reference point. This can be furthergeneralized in that so long as a non-rigid body (arm) can follow anyfixed path, regardless of whether each point on the arm is moving in asimilar relation to other points (such as in the case of FIG. 8) or ifthe points are moving relative to each other, points on that body cantraverse related arcs. The “arc” generated by a handle can actually beof any shape and the “arc” is in no way limited to circular or smoothlycurving shapes. For the purposes of this disclosure, the term “path”will refer to the path of motion that the arm can take and the term“arc” refers to the path taken by any point attached to or on that armas the arm moves through its path regardless of the shape of the arc orpath.

Exercise research has shown that exercise of the torso (and many otherareas of the body) is generally desirable to not be static. That is, themotion of the hands is generally converging for some exercises (oftenthose where the user pushes something away from their body) anddiverging for other exercises (often those where the user pullssomething toward their body) as this motion is much more natural to theuser. Pull-type exercises and/or push-type exercises may either beconverging or diverging exercises.

It is important to note what is meant by converging and diverging in thecontext of this disclosure. A converging exercise is performed when twosymmetric parts of a user's body begin an exercise at a first distanceapart and end that exercise at a second distance apart where the seconddistance is less than the first distance. A diverging exercise isperformed when two parts of a user's body begin an exercise at a firstdistance apart and end that exercise at a second distance apart wherethe second distance is more than the first distance. In both cases, thechange of distance is caused as part of the exercise by both body partsmoving. Generally, the hands (the two parts of the user's body) in thepush-type exercise begin separated and are moved closer together at theapex of the exercise (when the hands are extended from the body).Generally, in the pull-type exercise the hands begin close together(extended from the body) and are separated as the hands are pulledtowards the body.

The definition of a converging and diverging exercise also holds true ifit is being performed by a single body part so long as that body part iscarrying out the same motion as it does in the above converging anddiverging situation, even if the other body part does not move. To putthis in another way, a converging exercise will generally have an arcconverging toward the reference plane vertically dividing the human bodyinto two generally symmetric halves (a plane of symmetry), a divergingexercise will have an arc diverging from the same plane. This plane willgenerally be through the midpoint of a user's body as shown in FIG. 7Dby plane of symmetry (960). A converging exercise, therefore, generallyrepresents a portion of the user's body converging towards the generallysimilar portion of the user's body across the plane of symmetry of theuser's body. A diverging exercise is the opposite.

To get smooth motion in these types of exercises, the arc traversed bythe hands is preferably arcuate or of a smooth linear translation inboth exercise types which then leads to the desirable range of motion ofan exercise machine (when properly used by a user) being guided to anarc the hands preferably take. For purposes of this disclosure, thissmooth motion will be referred to as arcuate, although such motion maybe linear. Because of the left/right symmetry generally present in thehuman body, the arcs are generally mirrored for the right and left handsabout the midpoint of the user's body. One of ordinary skill in the artwould recognize, however, that the path need not be arcuate in the planeof FIG. 7D. In FIG. 7D the arc is in the plane of the page so the motionappears curved. In another embodiment of the invention, the arc could bein a different plane so the motion of FIG. 7D could appear linear or anyother shape. Essentially, the curved triangle shown in FIG. 7D wouldbecome two linear lines if the arc portion was perpendicular to thepage. Further, an arc need not be a circular arc as shown, but could beand is not limited to, an elliptical arc, a parabolic arc, a hyperbolicarc, or a linear arc. Therefore, the arcuate motion simply describes asmooth path through 3-dimensional space.

The relationship of the motion of the hands in a simplified push-typeexercise and related pull-type exercise is shown in a simplified form inFIGS. 7A and 7B. In FIG. 7A there is shown the desired motion of a user(990), viewed from above (looking down at the top of their head),performing a push-type exercise (specifically a converging chest press),in FIG. 7B there is shown the desired motion of a user (990) performinga pull-type exercise (specifically a diverging rowing exercise).

Please note from the FIGS that the arcs shown here also includedirection. In this case the direction refers to the direction the handlemoves against resistance. Generally, when performing an exercise, a userwill move in an arc against resistance, and then the handle willtraverse over the same path to return to the starting point. Therefore,for clarity, the exercise arc or the path of the arm in this disclosurewill always refer to a motion against a resistance. That is, the motionindicates a weight is lifted, not returned.

It is apparent from these FIGS, that the arcs (901), (911), (903), and(913) traced by the hands in each exercise are similar, in FIGS. 7A and7B the motions are actually simplified to be the same, only thedirections are different. A more general case will be discussed later inFIG. 7D. As shown, the left and right hands of the user traversemirrored arcs in either exercise (for instance (901) and (903) in FIG.7A). The hands do not necessarily, however, each track a part of thesame circle. The arcs traversed by the hands may be on the same circleor separate circles, but it is generally preferable that the arcs be onintersecting circles that are not related; that is, there is an arc foreach hand which is independent of the arc for the other hand. This isshown by the dashed circle outlines in FIGS. 7A and 7B. As the circlesfor each hand are not related, each circle has its own independent axis((991A) and (993A) for FIG. 7A and (991B) and (993B) for FIG. 7B). Theseaxes may or may not cross depending on the embodiment.

Also between exercises, the directions that the user (990) needs toprovide the exercise force to get the intended exercise (represented bythe arrows (931), (933), (951), and (953)) are reversed although thetraces are the same. This shows that these are actually two differentarcs. In particular, in the push-type exercise the user (990) isproviding the exercise force (arrows (931) and (933)) along the arc inthe direction away from the user's (990) body. While in the pull-typeexercise, the exercising force (arrows (951) and (953)) is along asimilar arc in a direction toward the user's (990) body.

FIG. 7C now provides an embodiment of how related arcs can be used tocombine the different exercises to utilize the same arm or mechanismmoving on a fixed path. In particular, FIG. 7C shows how this can beperformed by reversing FIG. 7B and then placing it in conjunction withFIG. 7A such that the two axes (991B) and (993B) of 7B align with thetwo axes (991A) and (993A) of 7A as shown by the overlapped axes (991)and (993). One of skill in the art would understand that the reversal ofthe arcs of 7B is not necessary and that the arcs can be placed to berelated by leaving the relation the same (which would essentially havethe two FIGS perfectly overlapping).

The reason for the rotation of FIG. 7B relates to motion about the axisof rotation. As was shown in FIG. 8, a rigid arm can generally onlyrotate about a single axis in only one direction at a time, it eitherrotates clockwise or counter-clockwise relative to the axis (and a fixedpoint of reference). As shown in FIG. 7C, the motions (931) and (953)now have a similar rotation, that is they are all rotatingcounter-clockwise about axis (993) while motions (933) and (951) arerotating clockwise about axis (991).

Utilizing a single rotational direction provides for numerous benefitsin the exercise machine context. In particular, most exercise machineshave a singular resting state where they exist when not in use. It takesforce provided by the user to move the machine arms from this restingstate, and generally also requires force by the user to resist themachine returning to its resting state, this is because many of theresistance objects used in exercise machines only provide force in agiven direction and the direction opposing that given direction isgenerally what is provided by the user (through mechanical process) asthe exercise. To explain simply, in the above FIG. 7C situation,generally the user will only obtain exercise by supplying a force ineither the clockwise or counter-clockwise direction about any singularaxis, but not both directions. Therefore, by reversing FIG. 7B, therotational direction (clockwise for the axis (991) and counter-clockwisefor axis (993)) is maintained between exercises.

One of skill in the art would recognize that in an alternativeembodiment, the resistance of the resistance object can bebi-directional, allowing for force to be present in both the clockwiseand counterclockwise direction, but such an arrangement generallyrequires a more complicated resistance object.

In FIG. 7C it is clear that by linking the starting points (generallythe point of the arc that the user would begin the exercise, or thelocation of the point where the user interacts with the machine when themachine is in its resting state) of each of the two arcs on the sameside of the FIG. together, it is possible to have each arc traversedsimultaneously by points on a single rigid arm (971) or (973) whichconnects them and rotates about the axis (991) or (993) along a fixedpath. Therefore the two “same side” arc motions can be combined into asingle arm motion with two separate and distinct starting pointsthereon. These points would be the handle manipulation points as theygenerally define the motion made by the user's (990) hands performingthe exercise. As is then apparent from FIG. 7C, depending on whichhandles the user uses (and which way they face) determines whichexercise is performed.

From the simple case of FIG. 7C, by altering the shape of arm (971) orarm (973), the two points on the same side could be made to traversedifferent (but still related) arcs about the same axis (e.g. by alteringthe radius of the arcs relative to each other). This is shown in FIG.7D. One of ordinary skill in the art would also recognize that theuser's (990) hands actually use the opposing arms when the exercises areswitched. This however, does not alter the motion performed as themotion of one hand for any given exercise is preferably the mirrormotion of the other hand (as most humans are generally symmetrical).Therefore as the motion is generally mirrored across the plane throughthe user (from front to back) as illustrated in FIG. 7D as plane ofsymmetry (960), so long as the user maintains his/her positioning(symmetry) relative to plane of symmetry (960) when changing betweenexercises, the motion of each hand is the same regardless of which handuses which arm. In another embodiment, however, non-symmetrical motioncan be used where each arc is actually different from every other arc,or at least one subset of arcs is different from at least one furthersubset of arcs. It is preferred, however, that the user's torso maintainits symmetry relative to the plane of symmetry (960) through allmovements.

The principles of FIG. 7D can be further generalized, and what becomesapparent is that a user can be placed into a multitude of positionsrelative to two arms on an exercise machine which each have a fixed path(one for either side of their body), where each of the arms has aplurality of places where the user can interact therewith. These caneither be separate handles, or places where a single handle can beplaced. The user can then grasp a set of handles at a particularlocation and perform a particular exercise utilizing the arms. The usercould then change position and/or change the handles they are graspingto perform another exercise on a related arc while maintaining thesymmetry of their torso relative to the plane of symmetry (960). Forinstance, the user could rotate 180 degrees, could lean at differentangles forward or back, or could change using a combination of the two.In a still further embodiment, the handles could move on the arm so thatthey can be positioned at different points as if there was more than onehandle on each arm.

This interrelated motion provides for multiple resultant exercises. Inan embodiment, it is possible that an exercise machine can be builtwhich has a single one-directional resistance object, with a singlerotational attachment to a single arm and a user of the machine canperform any exercise utilizing rotational motion through an appropriatearrangement of arms, handle manipulation points, and user positions.Such exercises are generally push or pull-type exercises that eitherconverge or diverge. Generally, this case will involve two arms, eachwith the singular rotational point, so as to provide for movement of twobody parts (e.g. the two hands) simultaneously. In particular, thismotion can allow for subsets of related exercises to be performed on thesame arms, following the same or similar paths. This saves space andallows for multiple exercises to be performed. These exercises caninclude, but are not limited to, chest presses, lateral pulls, rowingexercises, and shoulder presses.

FIGS. 1-6 now provide for an embodiment of an exercise machine (10)which utilizes the above principles to provide the user with at leasttwo different exercises performed using two sets of related arcs on anarm which follows a single fixed path for both exercises. One ofordinary skill in the art would understand that other exercises couldalso be provided on the same machine, in particular, additional handlescould be attached to either or both arms to provide additional exerciseson related arcs, or additional arms or mechanisms could be added toallow a user to use the resistance object (s) to perform an unrelatedexercise such as leg extension (leg curl) arm (47). One of ordinaryskill in the art would also recognize that exercise machine (10)provides at least four exercises as the arms can be exercised separately(which could be considered a separate exercise). The machine in FIG. 1is designed to perform both a converging chest press exercise and adiverging rowing exercise but one of ordinary skill in the art wouldunderstand that other exercises (such as a lateral pull) can use similararms with changes of the orientation relative to the arms, or otherrelated arcs provided by other handle manipulation points on those arms.

In the broadest sense, a strength machine, such as exercise machine(10), includes four components. There is some form of resistance objectwhich provides the resistance the user works against, there is a benchwhich is the place where the user is placed to interact with themachine, there is a mechanism which, in conjunction with relatedstructures, transfers the work of the user to the resistance, and thereis a frame to support the structure.

FIG. 1 shows the primary components of an embodiment of an exercisemachine (10). The exercise machine (10) is primarily for use inperforming exercises to strengthen and/or tone the muscles of the torsoand/or arms and will often be similar in design to those types ofmachines referred to as chest presses. The exercise machine (10) allowsa user to perform both push-type, pull-type, converging, and divergingexercises for muscles primarily in the upper torso and arms by allowinga user to have two different “seating” positions to access two rigidarms, each with at least two handles or a single handle movable betweentwo positions. Each arm is individually attached to the frame so eacharm traverses an independent fixed path in conformity with the aboveprinciples.

Exercise machine (10) comprises a frame (50) which is generallymanufactured of steel, aluminum, carbon fiber, or other strong and rigidconstruction materials. In particular, the frame (50) is generally madeof hollow tubes composed of these materials. For the purposes of thisdisclosure, it should be recognized that a tube can have any shape as across-section and can be either hollow or solid. Therefore the term“tubes” as used herein should be considered to include any solid orhollow structure having any cross-sectional shape. In an embodiment, atleast some of the tubes are hollow and have a cross-sectional shapewhich is generally in the shape of a race track.

The frame (50) comprises a base member (101) which serves as the primarysupport for the remaining components and rests upon a surface where theexercise machine (10) is to be placed. In the depicted embodiment, basemember (101) is generally T-shaped to provide for a stable base, howeverother shapes of the base member (101) could be used as would beunderstood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The rest of frame (50)extends generally vertically from the base member (101) and is supportedby the base member (101) to define the general shape of the machine.

Associated with frame (50) there are weights (151) or other resistanceobject(s) for providing resistance to the user's movement so that themovement requires work and results in exercise. In the depictedembodiment, weights (151) are in a weight enclosure (159) when at rest.Resistance is created by weights (151) being lifted in an upwarddirection forcing the movement of the mass of the weights (151) againstthe force of a gravitational field (e.g. as shown in FIG. 4). As wouldbe understood by one of ordinary skill in the art, the lifting ofweights (151) is not the only way to create work and other resistanceobject(s) could be used instead of or in addition to weights (151).These include, but are not limited to, fluid devices (such as pneumaticor hydraulic pistons) where work may be used to extend or contract,elastic materials where work alters the shape or alignment of thematerial (such as elastics, rubber bands, springs, or bendable tubes),friction devices, electromagnetic devices, or any combination ofdifferent resistance objects.

In an embodiment, the resistance object(s) will only provide resistancein a single direction. Specifically, the resistance object will have asingular resting state where it will exist unless a force is applied toit. Using weights (151), the weights (151) will rest on the base member(101) or a shelf (not shown) attached to base member (101) under theforce of earth's gravitational field (the resting state). Weights (151)can be lifted to raise them from the base member (101), but this liftingrequires the imposition of another force on weights (151). Weights (151)will also return to the resting state if the other force is removed. Toput this another way, a one-way resistance object is affected by areturning force to return it to a resting state. To move the resistanceobject from the resting state, therefore, the user must generate an“exercise force” to oppose the returning force of the resistance object.Some of these returning forces can include, but are not limited to,gravity, pressure differential, or the return force of a spring.

In another embodiment, the resistance object can be a two-way orbi-directional resistance object. This type of a resistance objectallows for a resistance force to be generated in both directions. Amethod of achieving this is if the object has no defined resting state,but instead always requires the imposition of an exercise force to movethe object from any state to any other state. Examples of this type oftwo-way resistance objects can include pressure cylinders (such aspneumatic or hydraulic cylinders) where the material in the cylinder isallowed to flow to either side of the piston head through a restrictiveopening. There is, therefore, always resistance to motion as the pistonhead will displace the material regardless of the direction it is moved.Generally two-way resistance objects will utilize friction, pressure,surface tension, or similar resistances. Another method is where theobject has a defined resting state, but is moved from this state bymoving a mechanism in different directions, such as through the use ofgearing, clutches, levers, or other mechanisms.

Weight support bars (153) are provided which run through holes in theweights (151) and secure them to frame (50) and position them relativeto base member (101). As weight support bars (153) are generallyperpendicular to the base member (101), when the weights (151) arelifted they are forced to be lifted in a generally linear manner, andare not allowed to swing which could render the exercise machine (10)unstable. In an alternative embodiment, however, weight support bars(153) may be angled, curved, bent, arcuate or of any other relationshipwhich is not perpendicular to allow for a more dynamic feel to theexercise. Weight support bars may also be flexible instead of rigid, mayallow different degrees of freedom or may be completely non-existent inalternative embodiments.

Weights (151) are generally lifted through an application of force ontothe arms (205R) and/or (205L) which are what transfers the workperformed by the user to the resistance object upon which the work isperformed. The arms (205R) and/or (205L) are mechanically connected toframe (50) in a manner allowing them to move relative to the frame alonga fixed path. While the path may change between exercises, the pathremains fixed during any singular exercise. A fixed path need not beidentical in every pass. Instead, in a fixed path the motion of the arcis within a fixed subset of predetermined paths or is a singular path.Preferably, each of the arms (205R) and/or (205L) is connected rotatablyat a rotation surface (306R) and/or (306L) so that each independentlyrotates through a unique fixed path and are both connected to theweights (151) in a manner where the predetermined rotation of the arms(205R) and/or (205L) is translated into motion for raising the weights(151).

In another embodiment, the arms (205R) and/or (205L) need not beattached about a rotational axis, but may be otherwise attached so as toprovide for a fixed path of motion corresponding to predetermined arcsbeing traced by handles (403R), (413R), (403L), and (413L). This may be,but is not limited to, having the arms (205R) and/or (205L) traversealong a track or similar object of a predetermined shape (regardless ofshape) so as to direct the motion of the arms. For instance, a point onthe arm could follow the path of a hyberbolic or linear arc. In anotherembodiment, the arm could traverse multiple tracks so that the resultantmotion of a point on the arm where the handle is located follows thedesired arc. For instance, the arm could be supported at each end withina linear track so that translation of one end necessarily results in atranslation of the other end (possibly in opposing directions) and ahandle on the arm moves on a predetermined arc (whether curved, bent orlinear). In still a further embodiment, a single arm could be connectedby other components to rotate about multiple axes, such as by having thearm rotate utilizing two connector arms rotatably connected thereto androtatably connected to the frame (a 4-bar mechanism) in a manner thatwould be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art.

The direction of the applied exercise force can be translated from thedirection that the user directs it (which is generally arcuate), to adirection opposing the returning force (which is generally verticallyupward in the case of weights (151) being the resistance). In thedepicted embodiment, this connection comprises pulling a cable or cables(155) attached to the arms (205R) and (205L) at cable attachments (255R)and (255L). In another embodiment, cable (155) could actually comprisethe arms (205R) and/or (205L). The cables' (155) motion is translated bypulleys (157) until it is transferred to weights (151) in a liftingmotion. One of ordinary skill in the art would, however, understand thatcables (155) and/or pulleys (157) are not necessary and other processescould be used so that moving arms (205R) and/or (205L) requires theperforming of work by the user. This translation of force merely allowsfor an exercise force applied by the user to be directed in a desireddirection, it does not change the one-way or two-way nature of theresistance object.

In particular, for the device of FIG. 1, the returning force of theweights (which are a one-way resistance object) will pull the arms(205L) and (205R) in a generally backward direction, therefore the userwould provide a force in a generally forward direction to perform theexercise. The terms backward and forward are arbitrarily assigned inthis case with backward representing generally the direction left andinto the page of FIG. 1 and forward being the opposite relative to theexercise machine (10). For simplicity's sake, the direction of theexercise force will be defined as the direction of force provided by theuser, not the direction after it is translated by the connectorassociated with the arms (205L) and (205R). However, neither thesedefinitions, nor any other, are intended to limit the scope of the termsas would be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art.

In order to effectively manipulate arms (205L) and (205R), each arm isprovided with at least two handles. However, in another embodiment, onlya single handle on each arm is used which can be moved between at leasttwo positions. The handles comprise handles (403L) and (413L) for leftarm (205L) and handles (403R) and (413R) for right arm (205R). Thehandles (403L), (413L), (403R), and (413R) provide the points that theuser will grip when performing the exercise, therefore the range ofmotion of the various handles relative to the user will define the paththat the user's hands take when performing the exercise. Also attachedto frame (50) is a bench (171) which is generally positioned so as toplace the user relative to the arms (205R) and/or (205L) for performingthe exercise. In an alternative embodiment, bench (171) need not beattached to frame (50) but may be positionable relative to frame (50) ornot present at all.

FIGS. 3 through 6 show how exercise machine (10) allows the user torotate to perform two different exercises (as previously shown in FIGS.7C and 7D in a general overview) and utilizing two pairs of handles (4total), one pair reachable for each position and two on each of twoarms. To accomplish this rotation, the bench (171) may allow for twodifferent positionings of the body. In the depicted embodiment, in oneposition, the user faces forward on the machine. In this position, theywill be performing push-type converging exercises. A user in thisposition is shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. In the alternative position, theuser is reversed and would be sitting facing backward, this positionwill generally be used for pull-type diverging exercises. A user in thissecond position is shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 (from a reverse angle). Theuser may be rotated a full 180 degrees as shown in this embodiment, ormay simply be facing the opposite direction, but placed at a differentangle to be reversed. In effect, by changing the position of the userthe user can access a different set of handles and can perform exerciseswhere their motion is in a different direction to them while theexercise force is always generated in the same direction. This generallycorresponds to the motion depicted in FIG. 7D.

Although the bench in the depicted embodiment of FIGS. 1 through 6 isfixed in position and the user rotates (reverses) thereon that is by nomeans required. In another embodiment, the bench (171) may be adjustablerelative to the frame (50) to allow for comfortable manipulation of thearms (205L) or (205R) at the different sets of handles (403L) (403R) and(413L) (413R). In the depicted embodiment, the bench (171) has twoportions, a back portion (173) and a seat portion (175). Either of theseportions may be adjustable on the frame moving in any or all directions(horizontal, vertical, lateral axes or combination thereof) or rotationsto allow the user to position themselves for comfortable exercising. Inan embodiment, the bench (171) is designed to have a singularpredetermined position for a user which is used for both exercises. Toput it another way, the user does not move the bench (171) when goingfrom a pull-type to the corresponding push-type exercise. In anotherembodiment, the back portion (173) may remain in a predeterminedposition relative to the seat portion even if the seat portion (175)moves or vice versa. In still another embodiment, the bench (171) can bereversed like the user, or can be placed in a complementary position(such as by reversing the back portion (173)). Generally, the positionof the bench (171) will be lockable so that when the bench (171) isplaced in a particular position, it can be held there rigidly until theuser wishes it to move. This type of locking may be performed through aplurality of methods, as would be understood by one of ordinary skill inthe art.

The user need not sit upright in the bench (171) (as depicted in FIGS.3-6). In an alternative embodiment, the back portion (173) could becapable of rotation. Particularly, the back portion could rotate to anangle relative to the vertical. In this position, the user could alsoperform an incline or shoulder push-type exercise by rotating the benchforward (changing the alignment of their torso to the path of thehandles). An associated pull-type exercise may be performed using thesame arrangement but with a transition to deal with a complementaryangle issue if the exercise occurs at an angle. In this embodimentgenerally the bench will rotate with the user between the exercises. Itwould be recognized that the “rotation” discussed above need not be arotation at all but simply could be any reconfiguring of the componentsof the bench (171) or the use of an additional bench.

As the user rotates between the two positions, the handles they will useare preferably in front of them which is part of why this embodimentuses both a rotation of the user and different sets of handles toprovide for the different exercises. One of skill in the art wouldrecognize, however, that depending on the exercise being performed (thedesired arc and arc direction) and the type of resistance object used,either the user, the handles, or both could be repositioned betweenexercises depending on the embodiment. It should be clear that theuser's torso maintains its symmetry relative to a fixed plane throughthe various movements.

In simplification, each handle (403L), (403R), (413L), and (413R) isgenerally positioned so as to traverse one of the arcs (901), (911),(903) and (913) as shown in FIG. 7D starting at the appropriate points(the actual arcs are slightly more complicated, but this shows somegeneral concepts). In particular, handle (403R) generally traverses arc(901), handle (403L) generally traverses arc (903), handle (413R)generally traverses arc (913), and handle (413L) generally traverses arc(911) all in the indicated directions.

Further, while FIGS. 3 through 6 show the performance of the above twoexercises, it should be appreciated that by moving the user relative tothe handles, with arm motion along a singular fixed path, the user canperform virtually any exercise. In particular, in FIG. 7D the user couldbe moved to the forward-most part of the circles and then face rearwardto perform a converging pull-type exercise using the same handle he usedfor the converging push-type exercise.

When performing the exercise, the user would generally operate themachine as shown in FIGS. 3 through 6. To perform a push-type exercisethe user would arrange the bench (171) to a position for the type ofexercise they wish to perform to a comfortable location. They would thentake a first position on the bench (171) facing forward of the machine(10) and grasp push handles (403R) and (403L). They would then push awayfrom their body, moving arms (205R) and (205L) forward againstresistance. This is depicted as the transition of FIG. 3 to FIG. 4. Toperform a pull-type exercise, the user would again arrange bench (171).However, they would take a second position facing backward to themachine (10) (rotated 180 degrees) where they would grasp pull handles(413R) and (413L) and pull them toward their body. Grasping and pullingpull handles (413R) and (413L) from this second position would move arms(205L) and (205R) forward against resistance in a similar motion as thepush-type exercise. This motion is depicted as the transition of FIG. 5to FIG. 6. FIGS. 5 and 6 are from a reverse angle to FIGS. 3 and 4 tobetter show the motion of the user and machine.

It should be further apparent from FIGS. 3 through 6 that the handlesets (403R)/(413R) and (403L)/(413L) will traverse the same arcregardless of which handle on the particular arm is being moved,presuming that the handles are not moved relative to each other (such asin the case to avoid impact as discussed later) when switching whichhandle is being moved. Further, the user can select other positionsrelative to the arms to perform different exercises by moving the benchand/or their body to other locations relative to the arms (or byadjusting the frame to have the same net result).

The design of the arm (205R) is discussed in more depth to explain anembodiment of structure which allows for the handles to each traversethe desired arcs. While this discussion will primarily discuss thedesign of right arm (205R), the left arm (205L) is essentially a mirrorimage of the right arm (205R). It would therefore be understood by oneof ordinary skill in the art how to adapt the discussion belowconcerning the structure of right arm (205R) to making the left arm(205L). To provide for reference to the components of the arms, the samereference numbers will be used on the right arm (205R) as the left arm(205L) while letters will denote the particular arm being discussed.E.g., (403R) indicates the push handle specifically on the right arm(205R) while (403L) indicates the push handle specifically on the leftarm (205L).

As shown in FIG. 2, the right arm (205R) is composed of three primarysubparts. The lever tube (307R), the adjustment arm (401R), and theextension tube (451R). The first two portions are generally rigidlyattached to one another to form part of the structure of right arm(205R) with extension tube (451R) slideably attached thereto. Right arm(205R) is preferably of a rigid or semi-rigid construction or one withotherwise limited variance to its shape. Right arm (205R) rotates abouta pivot point relative to frame (50). The pivot point is created byhaving a pivot tube (303R) which is allowed to rotate about (or torotate with) a smaller inner core (not visible) or other rotationalobject. The rotation is relative to a portion of the frame (50) so thatthere is a singular fixed axis of rotation (305R) of right arm (205R).In another embodiment, alternative forms of mechanisms may be used toprovide rotation, or other movement on a fixed path.

Attached to pivot tube (303R) is lever tube (307R). Lever tube (307R) isarranged to be generally radially extended from the axis of rotation(305R) to provide for a lever motion along a radial of the axis ofrotation (305R). The lever tube (307R) may be bent into an angle toprovide for a point of attachment (309R) appropriately positioned forattachment of the adjustment arm (401R). Because attachment point (309R)is resultantly radially extended (by R₁) relative to the axis ofrotation (305R) (e.g. it is not on the axis of rotation (305R)), thepoint of attachment (309R) transcribes an arc around the axis ofrotation when moved.

Attached to lever tube (307R) at attachment point (309R) is adjustmenttube (401R). Adjustment tube (401R) will generally be attached to thelever tube (307R) at an approximately 90 degree angle forming a “T”shape, but any arrangement may be used. In this way, the approximatecenter of adjustment tube (401R) will be generally tangential to the arctranscribed by the connection point (309R). The adjustment tube (401R)may be bent, however, as shown in FIG. 2. This bending can be utilizedto adjust the particular shape and/or size of the arc traversed by thehandle (403R) attached to extension tube (451R) and handle (413R)attached to adjustment tube (401R). This is as shown in FIG. 7D, forinstance, with adjustment tube (401R) essentially being arm (971) and isindicated by the handles being R₂ and R₃ distances from the axis ofrotation (305R). Adjustment tube's (401R) bent shape allows for theplacement of handles thereon which have different radiuses of rotationat different positions in space around axis of rotation (305R) by movingthe points where a handle is connected closer to or further from theaxis of rotation (305R) changing the radius of the resultant arc (asshown by radiuses R₂ and R₃) and placing the handle connection points sothe resultant arcs are in the proper position for performing the desiredexercise. Further, the adjustment tube (401R) may allow for alterationof the arc being used (by changing R₂ and/or R₃) and/or translation ofthe starting points on a resultant arc.

Attached to the extension tube (451R) is a push handle (403R) whileattached to the adjustment tube (401R) is a pull handle (413R) (whichmay be adjustable thereon). The push handle (403R) is mounted on theforward of the lever tube (307R), while the pull handle is mountedbackward of the lever tube (307R). This arrangement allows for aprescribed range of motion such as that shown in FIGS. 3-6. Inparticular, each handle will transcribe an arc, these arcs may beslightly larger or smaller than the arc transcribed by connection point(309R) depending on the orientation (bending) of the adjustment tube(401R). By bending the adjustment tube (401R) as shown, the handles canalso be placed on the arc which is or would be transcribed by theattachment point (309R) or on any other arc. In an embodiment, thehandles could transcribe portions of the same arc, but that arc could bedifferent from the arc transcribed by the connection point. In anotherembodiment, each handle could transcribe its own arc. These alternativeembodiments can allow for adjustment of the relative motions of thehandles (403R) and (413R) to accommodate changes in the motion forpush-type versus pull-type exercises and to allow for the lever arm(307R) to be positioned so as to be clear of the user throughout itsmotion.

Associated with the adjustment tube (401R) is cable connection (255R)which is located toward the backward end of the adjustment tube (401R).Cable connection (255R), as discussed previously, provides for theconnection between the cable (155), to which the weights (151) areultimately attached, and the adjustment tube (401R). The cableconnection's (255R) location provides for the returning force providedby the weights (151) to be directed backward of the machine (10)providing that the exercise force provided by the user should begenerally horizontal and in the forward arcuate direction of the machine(10) as discussed earlier.

In the depicted embodiment, the push handle (403R) is mounted on anadjustable extension tube (451R) which can slide relative to adjustmenttube (401R) (such as into and out of adjustment tube (401R)). Thisallows for users of different body sizes to adjust the position of thepush handle (403R) to better accommodate the size of their body. Inanother embodiment, the adjustment can allow for the inclusion ofadditional exercises on the arm. Further, the adjustment of the pushhandle (403R) and (403L) allows for the arms (205R) and (205L) to misseach other when the pull-type exercise is being performed. Generally,when the pull-type exercise is being performed, it will be preferablefor the push handles (403L) and (403R) to be able to “swing through” alarger arc than when the push handles (403L) and (403R) are beingactively used. In particular, it is desirable for the push handles(403L) and (403R), if arranged for use in a push-type exercise, to crosswhen the arms (205L) and (205R) are used for a pull-type exercise. Asthe handles (403L) and (403R) are usually rigid, this is not generallypossible. If the push handles (403L) and (403R) are located on extensiontubes, the handles (403L) and (403R) can be extended to differentdistances or the handles (403R) and (403L) can be rotated outward. Forexample, push handle (403L) can be extended further than push handle(403R). In this way, when the arms (205R) and (205L) are rotated duringa pull exercise, the handles (403L) and (403R) will miss interactingwith each other allowing for a slightly larger motion for the pull-typeexercise, than in the push-type exercise. Further, it prevents the userfrom receiving an unwelcome shock when, during a pull-type exercise, thepush handles (403R) or (403L) hit.

FIG. 6 shows how arranging the arms (205L) and (205R) to differentlengths allows handles (403L) and (403R) to miss each other. This motionis basically the same as that of FIG. 7D, however, the arcs traced areall slightly larger when the handles are offset and the position of thearc (903) for the handle which is extended in FIG. 6, corresponds to theposition that handle would have been in if not moved, not the positionit is in.

The extension tube (451R) may be connected with the adjustment tube(401R) through a locking mechanism using a spring pin, a cotter pin oranother type of object (491R) which can fit through a hole in theextension tube (451R) and a corresponding hole in the adjustment tube(401R). In another embodiment, an alternative locking mechanism otherthan a hole and pin can be used as would be understood by one ofordinary skill in the art.

The two handles (403R) and (413R) are generally of the same shape. Inthe depicted embodiment, the handles are generally U-shaped. This isonly one of many embodiments of handle (403R) and/or handle (413R) asthey can assume virtually any shape as well as shapes different fromeach other. Further, the handles may be of the same shape butdifferently oriented relative to the rest of the arm (205R). Handle(403R) or (413R) is generally gripped by the user in their hand and isthe contact point for the transference of the force generated by theuser to the exercise machine (10) to perform the work to lift theweights (151). The depicted design of the handles (403R) and (413R) arepreferred because they allow for a more natural grip for performing thedesired exercises. In particular, the user can grip either verticalportion of the handle (403R) or (413R). A user could alternatively graspthe horizontal portion of the handle (403R) or (413R).

Generally, the two arms (205L) and (205R) will move independent of eachother as they each rotate about a different axis of rotation (305L) or(305R). This can allow the user to more easily isolate a muscle group oneither the left or right side of their body. Further, independent motionwill help to insure that each arm is performing work involved in theexercise to improve the overall results and prevent one stronger armfrom overly compensating for the other. In still another embodiment, theindividual motion can allow for the total weight being lifted to besplit evenly between the arms. This independent operation isdemonstrated in the embodiment depicted in FIG. 9. FIG. 9 shows anembodiment of an exercise machine (10) with one arm raised and the otherarm lowered with a user at the apex of a single arm push-type convergingexercise. As discussed above, this exercise is still a convergingexercise as the motion of the single arm is identical to that when thehands converge. A singular arm pull-type exercise could also beperformed. In still another embodiment, the arms could be connected tomake their motion dependent.

FIG. 10 provides for another embodiment of an exercise machine utilizingarms of a different design, a different type of resistance mechanism,and two benches. This embodiment, however, still utilizes the sameprinciples of motion allowing for a single arm to have multiple pointsof interaction with a user to perform multiple exercises. This machineprovides two arms (205R) and (205L). However, in this embodiment thereare two benches (171) and each arm (205R) and (205L) includes three setsof handles (403R) and (403L), (413R) and (413L), and (433R) and (433L)to provide for three different exercises including a converging chestpress, a diverging row, and a diverging lateral pull. Further, in theembodiment of FIG. 10, the weights (151) are placed directly on the arms(205R) and (205L) eliminating the need for the pulley system shown inthe embodiment of FIG. 1.

While the invention has been disclosed in connection with certainpreferred embodiments, this should not be taken as a limitation to allof the provided details. Modifications and variations of the describedembodiments may be made without departing from the spirit and scope ofthe invention, and other embodiments should be understood to beencompassed in the present disclosure as would be understood by those ofordinary skill in the art.

1. A method of exercising comprising: providing an exercise machineincluding: a frame; a resistance object; a first arm moveably attachedto said frame, said first arm also being connected to said resistanceobject; at least two handle manipulation points on said first arm;having a user take a first position relative to said frame, said firstposition defining a plane of symmetry about which said user is generallysymmetrical when in said first position; having said user move a handlelocated at said first handle manipulation point in a first motionrelative to said plane of symmetry, said first motion being resisted bysaid resistance object; having a user take a second position, whereinsaid user's torso is reversed relative to said torso in said firstposition, said second position also placing said user so that said useris generally symmetrical to said plane of symmetry; having said usermove a handle located at said second handle manipulation point in asecond motion relative to said plane of symmetry, said second motionbeing resisted by said resistance object; selecting said first motionand said second motion so that: both said first motion and said secondmotion converge to said plane of symmetry, both said first motion andsaid second motion diverge from said plane of symmetry, said firstmotion converges to said plane of symmetry and said second motiondiverges from said plane of symmetry, or said first motion diverges fromsaid plane of symmetry and said second motion converges to said plane ofsymmetry.
 2. The method of claim 1 further comprising: including withinsaid exercise machine: a second arm moveably attached to said frame,said second arm also being connected to said resistance object; at leasttwo handle manipulation points on said second arm; having said user insaid first position also move a handle located at a first handlemanipulation point on said second arm in a third motion relative to saidplane of symmetry, said third motion being resisted by said resistanceobject; and having said user in said second position also move a handlelocated at a second handle manipulation point on said second arm in afourth motion relative to said plane of symmetry, said fourth motionbeing resisted by said resistance object; selecting said third motionand said fourth motion so that: both said third motion and said fourthmotion converge to said plane of symmetry, both said third motion andsaid fourth motion diverge from said plane of symmetry, said thirdmotion converges to said plane of symmetry and said fourth motiondiverges from said plane of symmetry, or said third motion diverges fromsaid plane of symmetry and said fourth motion converges to said plane ofsymmetry.
 3. The method of claim 2 wherein said first arm and saidsecond arm can move independently of the motion of the other.
 4. Themethod of claim 2 wherein the motion of said first arm and the motion ofsaid second arm are dependent.
 5. The method of claim 2 wherein saidfirst motion, said second motion, said third motion, and said fourthmotion comprise rotation about an axis.
 6. The method of claim 5 whereinsaid first motion and said second motion comprise rotation about adifferent axis from said third motion and said fourth motion.
 7. Themethod of claim 2 wherein said third motion is symmetrical to said firstmotion relative to said plane of symmetry.
 8. The method of claim 7wherein said fourth motion is symmetrical to said second motion relativeto said plane of symmetry.
 9. The method of claim 1 wherein said firstmotion comprises a circular motion.
 10. The method of claim 1 whereinsaid first motion comprises a linear motion.
 11. The method of claim 1wherein said first motion comprises rotation about an axis.
 12. Themethod of claim 1 wherein said resistance object comprises weights. 13.The method of claim 1 wherein said resistance object comprises anelastic object.
 14. The method of claim 1 wherein said resistance objectcomprises a fluid device.
 15. The method of claim 1 wherein saidresistance object comprises a friction device.
 16. The method of claim 1wherein said resistance object comprises an electromagnetic device. 17.The method of claim 1 further comprising a bench attached to said frame,said bench including a back portion and a seat portion, and wherein saidback portion remains in substantially the same position when said useris in said first position as when said user is in said second position.18. The method of claim 1 further comprising a bench attached to saidframe, said bench including a back portion and a seat portion, andwherein said bench is moved to a complementary position when said useris in said first position compared to when said user is in said secondposition.
 19. The method of claim 1 wherein said user changes positionby rotating said torso 180 degrees.
 20. The method of claim 1 whereinsaid first motion comprises pulling.